A new global survey by the Pew Research Center, a Washington, D.C.-based nonpartisan research organisation that conducts public opinion polling and social science research, suggests that the world is experiencing a significant shift in how it views major powers, with China gaining ground in international public opinion while perceptions of the United States face growing challenges.
The survey, conducted among more than 42,000 people across 36 countries, found that China is now viewed more positively than the United States in 25 countries surveyed. It also showed that in 22 countries, respondents expressed greater confidence in Chinese President Xi Jinping than in U.S. President Donald Trump when it comes to handling international affairs.
The findings point to a broader change in how countries evaluate global leadership. Increasingly, nations are looking beyond traditional alliances and judging major powers by their ability to deliver economic opportunities, infrastructure, technology and development partnerships.
China’s rising global image has been closely linked to its economic engagement with developing countries. Through initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative, Beijing has supported the construction of roads, railways, ports, energy projects, telecommunications networks and industrial facilities across Africa, Asia and Latin America.
However, China’s growing influence is not without debate. Critics have raised concerns about debt sustainability, transparency and the long-term economic implications of some projects. Like all major powers, China pursues strategic and economic interests through its international partnerships. Nevertheless, many developing countries argue that Chinese investment has provided much-needed infrastructure and development opportunities in areas where investment gaps have existed for decades.
A key difference often highlighted by China’s partners is its emphasis on state sovereignty and non-interference. While China seeks economic cooperation and access to markets and resources, many governments appreciate its approach of allowing countries to determine their own political and development priorities without direct involvement in domestic governance.
This contrasts with some Western aid and development models, particularly those associated with the United States, where financial assistance has often included conditions related to governance, human rights, transparency and institutional reforms. Supporters argue that these conditions promote accountability and democratic standards, while critics say they can sometimes be viewed as interference or limitations on national decision-making.
The changing perception of the United States has also been influenced by several global developments. Political polarisation within America, changing foreign policy priorities between administrations, trade disputes, military interventions and criticism over its handling of international conflicts have affected its global image. In parts of the Global South, concerns over perceived double standards in applying international principles, particularly regarding conflicts in Ukraine and Gaza have contributed to growing scepticism.
Meanwhile, China’s own economic transformation has strengthened its international standing. From lifting hundreds of millions of people out of poverty to becoming a leader in manufacturing, renewable energy, electric vehicles, digital technology and artificial intelligence, China has demonstrated its ability to achieve rapid economic development through long-term planning.
For Africa and Namibia, the shift is particularly significant. China has become the continent’s largest trading partner and a major investor in infrastructure, mining, energy, agriculture and telecommunications. Countries such as Namibia have expanded cooperation with China in areas including renewable energy, technology, mining and economic development.
The rise of China does not mean the disappearance of American influence. The United States remains a global leader in innovation, finance, education and technology. However, the Pew findings suggest that global influence is no longer determined by historical dominance alone. It is increasingly shaped by practical results, economic partnerships and the ability to support national development goals.
The world is becoming more multipolar, and countries are seeking relationships that provide opportunities while respecting their independence. The latest survey reflects a simple reality: in today’s world, influence is earned through what nations deliver, and for many countries, that conversation is increasingly turning east.
